Diabetes belongs to the group of endocrine diseases. The disease develops in the case of production violations or actions for insulin -hormones of the small island movement of the pancreas, contributing to absorbing glucose. Sugar has accumulated in the blood (hyperglycemia) and urine (urinary glycos).
A long -term violation of glucose treatment leads to a disorder of all types of metabolic substances. The pathology of the small island apparatus usually conducts with a difference in the severity of disorders from other organs and systems. Canceling small vessels, retina, kidneys and nervous systems is characteristic.
Typically, diabetes have a clear metabolic deviation and easily diagnosed. It is difficult to determine the disease in the initial and preclinical stage when complaining of the patient is at least or absent. This requires a purpose. Determining the disease in the early stages is an important condition for effective treatment and prevention.
If you need to undergo a comprehensive test for endocrine pathology or you are looking for a place to treat diabetes for professional doctors. Patient services are experienced endocrinologists and laboratories with modern diagnostic devices for high accurate research.
The main symptoms of diabetesThis disease is characterized by some complaints and objective characteristics detected by the testing tests in the laboratory. The first manifestations of diabetes are quite diverse. Signs or groups of separate symptoms may indicate the disease including:
Specific metabolic disorders - Change body weight, thirst, urination, constant hunger feel;
Non -specific complaints - loss of strength, fatigue in small loads, drowsiness, muscle weakness;
Dry, itchy skin in the genital area, around the anus;
Usually boils recurring, healing slowly wounds;
Dry mouth pain, swelling of the oral mucosa;
poor teeth, not suitable for age;
Nerves with peripheral sensitivity;
Changes in sexual and reproductive functions - loss of attraction, infertility, giving birth to older children;
defeat the organs of vision;
Complaints from the cardiovascular system.
Usually the symptoms do not cause anxiety in the patient and he does not consider the need to consult a doctor. Sometimes any symptoms of the disease are not available, and hyperglycemia is only found with a plan.
The most characteristic of the pathology of the island apparatus is the complaint from metabolism:
Multiurian disease (fast urination). With Hypoinsulinism, urine isolation usually occurs in large quantities. Its daily weight exceeds 3 liters. The day of urination dominates, no pain.
Polydipsy (thirst). Thirst increases due to dehydration. The amount of drunkenness exceeds 3 liters. Usually, patients like sweet drinks to quench thirst.
Change weight. Reducing body weight is due to loss of liquid, protein, fat, carbohydrate. Excess weight may go ahead of disease or contribute to its development.
Polyphage (increase appetite). Hobbies for sweet carbohydrate foods. In the initial stage of the disease, hunger is often manifested in the form of painful convulsions.
If the pathological signs are found in a hospital for diabetics or a diagnostic center for a purpose.
Factors affecting the development of diabetesIn the development mechanisms of diabetes, the two main points are distinguished, on the basis of the disease divided into types:
Low insulin production of pancreatic cells.
Violating hormones on the body, immunity of cells with insulin.
In the absence of enough insulin products, type 1 diabetes developed. It is based on the destruction of the progress of the islands of Langerganes (pancreatic cells in the area). This is caused by autoimmune processes in the body - antibodies with insulin, cell structure and enzymes are produced.
The stimulus factors in the development of autoimmune disorders can be served:
viral infection;
Nutrition violations during pregnancy, during feeding;
adverse environmental situation;
Stressful action.
Type 1 diabetes are often diagnosed in young people. The first manifestations of pathology occur when the death of internal cells reached more than 80%. The disease carried out the risk of high complications, all types of metabolic qualities suffered significantly.
Type 2 diabetes occurs with the immunity of the tissue receptor with the effect of insulin. In this case, hormones are copied in normal quantities or slightly reduced. The mechanism of such violations is related to less insulin structure (genetic tendency) or obtained changes, due to signal transmission results from receptors to the internal structure of violated cells.
Activate the development of type 2 disease possible:
Improper food diet, overeating;
Sedentary lifestyle;
hypertension;
Alcohol abuse;
changes related to age;
obesity;
The drug is not controlled.
Diagnostic diagnostic methodAccording to statistics, about 2, 5% of the population around the world have diabetes. The number of people with a hidden or more susceptible course is. During the time, it is determined that hyperglycemia allows you to prevent serious complications.
The main method for diagnosing disorders is a laboratory test. The most reliable sign of metabolism is to increase blood sugar when hungry more than 6, 1 mmol/l and 2 hours after meals - more than 11, 1 mmol/l. With suspicious results, a glucosotolerant test is used.
People under 45 are recommended to check blood sugar levels at least every 3 years. One year, screening test is necessary for people at risk:
obesity;
Age after 45 years;
genetic tendencies;
Increase glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides.
Patients with a risk group and the disease have been determined to need a more thorough study by laboratory and tools. Equipment at centers or clinics in treating diabetes complies with world diagnostic standards.
Modern clinics offer different diabetes treatment programs to identify metabolic disorders and complications in the early stages. They include:
Biochemical test (all the necessary indicators - glucose, lipid spectrum, protein, transaminase, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium);
Clinical blood tests;
Urine analysis;
Check an ophthalmologist;
Scan the main artery of the head;
Consult the endocrinologist.
Especially important is the study of the level of hemoglobin glycated in the blood for long-term glucose control (over the past 2-3 months) and the quality of therapeutic quality. The test is included in specialized care standards and should be performed for all patients with diabetes every 3 months.
The method of determining this indicator requires high quality equipment and data explanation. At the center of diabetes treatment, the modern equipment of the laboratory allows you to track results with high accuracy, without having to recur. Patient services are experienced experts, a broad record of the latest diagnosis, research and treatment technology.
Diabetes treatmentThere is no effective way to completely cure. Typically, the treatment of diabetes has decreased to achieve stable indicators in the level of glucose in the blood, preventing late complications and normal chemistry lipid spectrum and blood pressure level.
All patients need to follow a diet. Should limit carbohydrates quickly, to balance the protein ratio (20%), fat (20%) and carbohydrates (60%). The calorie content of food must correspond to physical activity. In mild cases, compensation can be achieved by a diet.
All patients are trained on self -control. The level of capillary blood sugar is determined by the patient using mobile glucomomet. Long -term monitoring of indicators and effectiveness of therapy is controlled by an endocrinologist.
Drug treatment includes oral agent and insulin therapy. Institutional treatment indicated with insulin:
All patients with type 1 diabetes;
ineffective of other types of treatment;
Signs of loss of metabolic disorders;
Ketoacidosis;
Intolerant to oral agents;
Pancreas remotely.
Criteria for compensation for metabolic disorders:
The level of hemoglobin glycated is less than 7%.
Glucose of blood without a stomach without abdomen more than 5, 0-6, 5 mmol/l.
Blood glucose after 2 hours after eating less than 8-10 mmol/l.
Blood glucose before going to bed - below 7, 5 mmol/l.
Blood cholesterol - below 4, 8 mmol/l.
Triglyceride-Nose more than 1, 7-1, 8 mmol/l.
Aortic pressure - below 130/80 mm Hg. pillar.
An important condition to fully control the disease is the choice of an experienced expert. If you need to undergo a test or treatment of diabetes in the hospital, carefully select clinics to provide quality and professional services.
